merge_sort

#include "stdafx.h"

#include<iostream>

#include<conio.h>

using namespace std;

void sort(int left, int right);

void merge(int left, int mid, int right);

int a[9] = { 75, 40, 10, 90, 50, 95, 55, 15, 65};

int tmp[9];

void sort(int left, int right)

{

if (left < right)

{

int mid = (left + right) / 2;

sort(left, mid);

sort(mid + 1, right);

merge(left, mid, right);

}

}

void merge(int left, int mid, int right)

{

int i = left;

int j = left;

int k = mid + 1;

while (j <= mid&&k <= right)

{

if (a[j] < a[k])

tmp[i++] = a[j++];

else

tmp[i++] = a[k++];

}

while (j <= mid)

tmp[i++] = a[j++];

for (i = left; i < k; i++)

a[i] = tmp[i];

}

void main()

{

sort(0, 8);

cout << "sort array:"<<"\n";

for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++)

cout << a[i] << " ";

_getch();

}

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3:19 ص

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Q8: find even number from 1000 to 2000

org 100h

.data

dt1 dw 500 dup(0)

.code 

 mov ax,@data

 mov ds,ax

 mov si, offset dt1

 mov bx,1000

 mov cx,500

 label:

 mov [si],bx

 add bx,0002

 inc si

 inc si

 loop label

hlt

note: see in memory in two byte CE and 06 equal 1998 , so it down 1996 see cc,07

another way for find even number from 1000 to 1500:

org 100h

.data

dt1 db 250 dup(0)

.code

mov ax,@data

mov ds,ax

mov si,offset dt1

mov cx,1000

mov bx,02

new:

    mov [si],cx

    add cx,bx

    add si,bx

    cmp cx,1500

    jle new

ret

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1:47 م

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example (nand,or and xor) in vhdl

NAND:-
library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all ;
entity NANDGATE is
 port (a : in std_logic;
b : in std_logic;
x : out std_logic ) ;
end entity NANDGATE ;
architecture RTL of NANDGATE is
begin
 x<=a nand b;
end architecture RTL ;

OR:-
library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
entity or is
port ( a : in std_logic;
b: in std_logic;
z: out std_logic ) ;
end or ;
architecture dataflow of or is
begin
z<= a or b;
end dataflow;

XOR:-
library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
entity xor is
 port( a: in std_logic;
b:in std_logic;
z:out std_logic );
architecture dataflow of xor is
beginz<= [a and (not b) or (not a) and b ] ;
end dataflow ;

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تعريف VHDL

VHDL is a hardware description language . it describes the behavior of an electronic circuit or system , from which the physical circuit or system can then be attained (implemented) .

once the vhdl code has been written , it can be used either to implement  the circuit in a programmable device (from Altra,Xilinx ,Atmel , etc)  or can be submitted to foundry for fabrication of an ASIC chip . Currently , many complex commercial chips (microcontrollers , for example) are designed using such an approach .

Basic VHDL Code:-

library declarations is To declare a Library (that is to make visible to the design) two lines of code are needed , one containing the name of the library , and the other a use clause , as shown in the syntax below .
LIBRARY library_name ;USE library_name.package_name.package_parts;

ENTITYentity is a list with specifications of all input and output pins (ports)of the circuit . its syntax is show below.
ENTITY entity_name is port (port_name: signal_mode signal_type;port_name: signal_mode signal_type;...... ) ;end entity_name;

architecture the architecture is a description of how the circuit should behave (function) . its syntax is the following:
ARCHITECTURE architecture_name of entity_name is [declaration] BEGIN (Code)end architecture_name;

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َQ6:datasheet to find y=x2-10+x in assembly

org 100h

.data

dt1 db 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

dt2 db 10 dup(0)

.code

mov ax,@data

mov ds,ax

mov si,offset dt1

mov di,offset dt2

mov cx,0ah

lable:

mov ax,[si] 

mov bx,2

mul bx

sub ax,10

add ax,[si]   

mov [di],ax

inc si

inc di

loop lable

ret

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1:59 م

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logical error

package logical.error;

public class LogicalError {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

String word="debugging";

String single_letter="";

    int letter_count=0;

    for(int i=0;i<word.length();i++)

    {

        single_letter=word.substring(1,1);    // errror

    if(single_letter.equals("g"))

    {

        letter_count++;

    }

    }

        System.out.println("g was fount = "+letter_count+"times");

        }

    

}

after correct:- 

package logical.error;

public class LogicalError {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

String word="debugging";

String single_letter="";

    int letter_count=0;

    for(int i=0;i<word.length();i++)

    {

        single_letter=word.substring(i,i+1);   // correct

    if(single_letter.equals("g"))

    {

        letter_count++;

    }

    }

        System.out.println("g was fount = "+letter_count+"times");

        }

    

}

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stack in java

package stack;

public class Stack {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("stack");   

    m1();

            System.out.println("end");

    }

    static void m1()

    {

        System.out.println("function1");

        m2();

    }

    static void m2()

    {

        System.out.println("function2");

    }

}

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